How did the changes brought about by the factory system challenge the family

How did the changes brought about by the factory system challenge the family? How do some of the authors included in Chapter Four, in Rogers, treat this issue? Does Mary Shelley have any insights or criticisms with regard to the family and industrial society? The changes brought about by the factory system changed drastically the whole family structure. This is especially evident from the way children and women were treated in the industrial society. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein discusses changes within the family from two different perspectives one of which is Victor's and the other one that of the creature. The Industrial Revolution created a unique new category of people who were dependent on their job alone for income, a job from which they might be laid off without any reason. The factory worker had no land, no home, and no source of income but his job. Working in the factory meant more self-discipline and less personal freedom for workers. The system tended to depersonalize society and reduced workers to an impersonal status. This Economy powered by machines, turned people into machines as well. Even though life overall was improving, the industrialism brought misery to the workers and their families. Family structure and gender roles within the family were changed by the growth of the industrial society. Families as economic unit did not exist anymore. Productive work was taken out of the cottage. A new pattern of family life emerged. Families now worked on factories and mills for people they did not know. Production was the key in the industrial society and family was a minor issue. Families were less closely bound together than in the past - the economic link was broken. Children became an essential part of the factory system. Little children could work in such areas where a normal-sized adult would not fit. So factory and mine owners depended on child labor greatly. They especially depended on children who...

Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter

Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter By Maeve Maddox When the medical examiner on a television drama announced that a death had been ruled a homicide, I used to think homicide was the same as murder. I now know that the words are not synonymous. Homicide is the killing of a human being by another human being. The word derives from the Latin compound homicida, which combines homo (man) with the verb caedere (to kill). Depending upon circumstances, a homicide may or may not be considered murder. The variety of state and national laws makes it difficult to attach specific definitions to words that represent the different kinds of homicide. What follows is a general treatment of these terms. Murder: the deliberate and unlawful killing of a human being. In British law, no degrees of guilt are recognized in murder. US law distinguishes between â€Å"first degree† and â€Å"second degree† murder. What constitutes these degrees, however, differs from state to state. Note: Murder is a word of Germanic origin. In antiquity, when raiding and blood feuds were common, the word murder denoted a killing done in secret, as opposed to homicides done in the open with no attempt at concealment. First Degree Murder: a murder that, because of the circumstances surrounding it, deserves either capital or severe punishment. Any premeditated killing that involves planning is first degree murder. Second Degree Murder: a malicious killing that was not premeditated. This kind of murder is not planned, but results from an angry confrontation or from depraved indifference to human life. One example is that of the neighbor who goes next door merely to complain about a barking dog but finishes by killing the dog’s owner. Another example would be that of a manufacturer who discovers that a product can cause death, but fails to recall it. Felony Murder Doctrine: Any death that occurs during or results from the commission of a felony is first degree murder, and all participants in the felony can be charged with and found guilty of first degree murder, even if only one of them actually did the killing. Manslaughter: Etymologically, manslaughter is the English version of homicide. It derives from an Old English compound that combines man with the OE verb slaeht (act of killing). The Modern English verb slay is related. Unlike homicide, which refers in general to the act of one person killing another, manslaughter refers to unpremeditated killing. Voluntary Manslaughter: the act of killing in the heat of passion. The usual example of this is the man or woman who finds a spouse in bed with another partner. Note: The difference between voluntary manslaughter and second degree murder hinges upon provocation. With first degree murder, the killer came with the intention to kill. With second degree murder, the killer decided on the spot. Either way, the killing is seen as malicious. The legal encyclopedia at Nolo explains that the charge of voluntary manslaughter is â€Å"a concession to human weakness.† The killing may have been intentional, but the provocation was such that could produce a similar emotional reaction in â€Å"any reasonable person.† Involuntary Manslaughter: the act of killing someone unintentionally while engaged in a non-felony. For example, killing someone while driving recklessly is involuntary manslaughter. A burglar who, in surprise at being interrupted, fatally pushes someone down the stairs would probably be charged with involuntary manslaughter- as long as he hasn’t brought a gun to the burglary. I repeat: These descriptions are very general. Anyone in need of precise definitions must consult a lawyer and local statutes. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)The Parts of a WordHow Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?

The Mozart Effect Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Mozart Effect Theory - Research Paper Example The science backing this theory has not been shown to have reliability as it cannot be duplicated through subsequent testing of the same hypotheses. The popularity of the idea, however, has inspired political use of the theory in order to appeal to a public that seems to like the idea that music can affect learning in their children. The romanticism of the science has been turned into a public set of myths that have yet to be proven. The development of the Mozart Effect Theory gives power to the music written by the young composer that extends well beyond its beauty, suggesting that intelligence is affected by exposure to his writings, but the theory only has support and has yet to be definitively proven. According to Don Campbell, â€Å"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a child prodigy who saw, spoke, and listened to the world in creative patterns† (xiv). Campbell discusses the idea of the Mozart Effect in terms of it being miraculous. He lists a series of events that suggest that the music can do wondrous things, including that in Britain there are monks who believe that through playing Mozart’s music to their cows, the cows produce more milk. He reports that in the Washington State Immigration Department they play Mozart and other baroque music during classes for students learning to speak English because it increases learning. He also states that in Japan the Ohara Brewery will use Mozart to increase the density with which the yeast for their sake rises, creating a higher quality drink. Campbell believes that the power of music is far more than in the enjoyment of listening. Brown and Volgsten state that â€Å"the enhancement seen with Mozart is not produced with music per se but occurs with rhythmic auditory or visual stimuli of diverse kinds, and is primarily localized to operations underlying mental rotation† (146). The effect of hearing the music of Mozart or music in general seems to be that the brain responds to the rhythms produced, cr eating a sort of re-organization of thought patterns towards a reception to the information that is in the process of being learned. Brown and Volgsten suggest that the stimulation may simply be arousing, that the effect is caused by the auditory system as it is ‘perked up’ through the rhythms and sounds it is hearing. Campbell, on the other hand, cites that research done at Irvine by Francis H. Rauscher and her colleagues has shown that increased spatial reasoning occurs for about ten to fifteen minutes after listening to ten minutes of Mozart’s music. This effect may go deeper than simple stimulation of the auditory nerves which in turn stimulate brain activity. Neil-Palmer discusses how â€Å"the findings for all of the studies supported the theory that music lessons lead to an improvement in spatial reasoning, but there are contradictions as to which specific skills are affected† (33). One of the theories that Neil-Palmer discusses is that phonemic awa reness may be a part of how music stimulates increased learning. Phonemic awareness involves the way in which language is learned and how a child learns to read through the phonetics of how a word sounds. She cites a study published by Gromko in 2005 in which children were divided into an experimental group and a control group where the experimental group

Hyper-personal model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hyper-personal model - Essay Example Receivers- CMC messages are likely to be exaggerated because of the lack of face-to-face indicators, giving receivers to fill in the missing blanks. Receivers in this case, will most likely idealize from the initial clues by the sender and if they are favorable, then the receiver dynamics will be tuned to favorably respond. The Hyper-personal model suggests that such initial impression are likely to be activated by pre-existing stereotypes inherent in the communicators like the partners’ resemblance, however vague, of someone previously encountered. Senders- In text based CMC selective representation of self is aided and one usually pass on indicators that they would want the receiver to have. So even in the absence of physical traits, individuals involved in CMC will construct messages that portray them in good light with emphasis on desirable traits and because of lack of physical interaction like eye contact, their conveyed traits will invite preferential reactions. The selective choice on what message to transmit coupled with the comfort create by the virtual world, makes it easy to develop intimacy by the disclosure of personal issues that fuels connection in CMC. The speed of explicit disclosure in CMC is much faster than that of face-to face interactions. Other than these disclosures, senders in CMC represent themselves in line with contents presented by their communication partners. This influences their choice of words and expression of likeness, in essence pre-determining their topical areas of concurrence and disagre ements. Channel - Under this dimension of hyper-personal model, the CMC medium shapes the deliberate construction of online messages by the mechanics of the CMC interface and the ability to edit these messages before they are sent. Users of CMC focus more on the construction aspect of their messages that they would on face-to-face conversations. Prior knowledge of the

Lenin's The State and Revolution critical summary Essay

Lenin's The State and Revolution critical summary - Essay Example For many Marxists, grasping the essence of State and Revolution is regarded as the hallmark of genuine communists. The social analysis presented by Lenin ultimately justifies violent revolution. Lenin explains that those who continue to claim that they are Marxists too are exposed as fraud if they dispute the concept that only a violent uprising led by the proletariat and participated by all working masses can bring about the downfall of the bourgeoisie and lead to the construction of a new society where the majority are indeed superior to the minority, one that is also the cornerstone for the achievement of communism in the future. Lenin’s articulation is not just based on the earlier works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels though. This is also a by-product of the actual revolutionary experiences in Germany and France. Because of this, his ideas are not entirely new but are the more timely and practical perspective of Marxism. However, not everyone, even among the ranks of th ose who claim to be socialists, appreciate the points raised by Lenin. Even as he presented his criticisms against the reformists and the anarchists alike, his concepts were also heavily bombarded by the very people he criticized. From whatever perspective, whether left or right, State and Revolution is undoubtedly one of the foremost texts that shape theories useful in political science. This means that it is definitely not just the Marxists or the revolutionaries who should comprehend its meaning. The State: Establishment and ‘Withering Away’ In the first chapter of State and Revolution, Lenin reiterated the essential point raised by Engels regarding the principal character of the state. In defining the state, he merely re-emphasized Engels’ theory that it is a reflection of the reality that class antagonisms could be resolved in societies according to the current level of historical development. In Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State, Engels points out that the state â€Å"is a product of society at a certain stage of development; it is the admission that this society has become entangled in an insoluble contradiction with itself, that it has split into irreconcilable antagonisms which it is powerless to dispel† (Engels, 2004, p.157). Social hierarchy as represented by the government is a means of instilling order, one that favors the economic elite, the bourgeoisie. It is precisely because there is a majority of working masses that need to be oppressed to instill subservience that the state creates armed components such as the armed forces and the police, aided by the judiciary and the penal system. The state, as Lenin explains, is therefore an instrument of those who are dominant also in the economic sphere. It is a coercive mechanism that is employed by the bourgeoisie in order to maintain its power seemingly, at first, in the sphere of politics. However, it ultimately serves as weapon against those who may wa nt to change the status quo in the economy and production as well. However, the establishment of the state apparently does not resolve contradictions among the classes. Instead, it only sharpens these to the point that the oppressed and exploited would deem it necessary to wage a revolution. Lenin clarifies that revolutions are not just abnormal reactions of the masses to intense oppression and exploitation. Revolutions occur as a natural response to the realities of class antagonisms. Therefore, for as long as classes

Examine how soaps attract their target audience Essay Example for Free

Examine how soaps attract their target audience Essay The reason I am writing this essay is because I am going to identify the difference between two soaps, one is Australian and the other is English. The Australian soap is called Neighbours and the English soap is Coronation Street. We are looking at these two soaps because we are seeing how successful each soap is at attracting its target audience. The first soap I will write about will be Coronation Street this soap is the English soap out of the two, so it is set in England at a town called Wetherfield, just outside of Manchester. In real life Wetherfield is a town down south. The set of Coronation Street has an old pebble street, with old terrace housing. There are many meeting places within the soap which are Peoples houses, but in the specific episode I am talking about the house that it is set in are Janises house. The houses that it makes the street typically English are old Victorian houses which are Terrance houses. The other meting places within the soap are Rovers Inn, the cafi and Roys Rolls. On the episode I watched the climate was very cold and cloudy. The main characters which appear on the soap Coronation Street are Janice and Les who are married but are getting a divorce. Dev and Gina are another two big characters in the episode I am writing about. They are getting married, in the episode we only see them on there hen and stag night. The other characters which dont play much of a part in the episode I am talking are Deidre, Ken, Curly, Terry and Maxine. There are 10 storyline going on in Coronation street, I will tell you some of them. Deidre had a one night stand with Dev, but now Dev is getting married to Gina, so Deidre is upset. A surprise party is being organized of the happy couples getting married, which are Dev and Dina. Curly and his partner had a baby. Janices boyfriend Dennis died in a car accident. Last but not least Maxine is pregnant. The way the storylines are set out in the episodes is that the skip to one storyline at a time so it would be like a cycle e. g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4. I think the best characters in Coronation Street are Dev and Dina, because they really do look like they are in love, as I don not normally watch this soap I could tell straight away that they were in love. Since I dont have background information on the soap I cant tell if Dev and Dina are together in real life or not, but if they are not they are really good actors. The best storyline in Coronation Street has to be the party that the street was organizing for the married couple to be, and how Deidre looks all upset and depressed. The way that the producer makes the soap Coronation Street typically English is the English accent is brought into the soap, many pubs in the street which England has take fleet for example we must have roughly about 10 pubs where I live. The way the characters use the typically English phrase do you want a cup of tea? which this phrase is often heard in the English language. Also earlier in the essay I mentioned that there were coble streets and Terrance houses. The target audience the soap Coronation Street is aimed at is mainly older people and their family and middle aged women. The theme tune makes you feel really old. The reason I said family was because Coronation Street is put on in prime time when all the family gets together. An middle aged women can convert to there life through an soap like Coronation Street there is also another reason an middle age women might watch Coronation Street this reason would be that there are many female characters in the soap. . One of the characters in Coronation Street is a certain race to this will encourage other races to watch the soap. Another character in the soap has they same affect on the audience and that is Roy because he owns his own company other people who think that they cant relate to Coronation Street they watch how is business is going. I know this because my Uncle Robert does the same thing. The storyline with Janice and lose of her boyfriend is another eye catcher for the audience as many people can relate to it as they might have lost there boyfriend through death or just breakup. The other storyline with attracts the audiences attention is Maxine and her that she is carrying even tough the baby isnt her boyfriends she will have to face the truth one day, another case of the same story is in Eastenders where Lisa has had Phils baby. The location of the soap Neighbours is set in Australia. Also in Coronation Street the soap Neighbours also has many meeting points which are peoples houses but in the episode i watched it was just Lous place. The other meting places were Good Hair Day Salon, the Dina, outside Karls warehouse and the school. The Climate unlike Coronation Street was sunny hot with a lovely clear sky. Some of the main characters which appear in the soap, are Karl and Susan who are married and have two kids called Stephanie and .. Lou and Louise are other two main Characters in the soap and Lou is the Father of Louise. Sandy and John are married. And there are many other characters who are Libby, Drew, Paul, Felicity, Joe, Todd, Toady, Maggie, Emily, Evan, Lyn, Harold, Leo, Matt, Dee, Tess, Michelle, Joel and Sandy. There are only 5 compared to Coronation Street in which there are 10. In Neighbours Lou is losing Louise his daughter because he lost the Hearing. Stephanie has got a job interview, which she doesnt get because her Mum and sister give her a makeover, in which the Interviewer did not like as Stephanie would be working with men. Stephanie also runs into an old mate who she new through Woody, as woody and him shared the same room in hospital. Leos dad recons that Leo is being bullied, so he takes action. As Leo confronts his dad to say that he wasnt bullied but didnt give certain people their essays that they paid for. Karl is receiving a delivery in which he hasnt the slightest clue what the deliver contains. I think the best character in Neighbours is Lou as he has such a hard part to play, losing his Louise is a very heart breaking experience, which also brings Lou thinking how much one Human being means to him. I also recon the best storyline has to be Lou losing Louise, I does make you want to cry, it also brings the audiences emotions into the picture. The soap Neighbours is typically Australian because of the climate which I mentioned earlier on in the essay. The registration number on the car is Australian. At the beginning of the soap while the theme tune is playing the characters are all around a pool and are having a BBQ in which the Australians are famous for. The Target audience for Neighbours is completely different from the audience that Coronation Street is aiming for. The producer of Neighbours is aiming for a much younger audience than Coronation Street. The storyline where Lou loses Louise attracts too different ages of the audience, the younger and the older, because some kids could refer to Louises situation, and some adults can refer to Lous situation on letting Louise go. Early twenties are aimed at as well as Stephanie goes for a job interview in which she doesnt get. Leo brings younger people to the audience as he is in high school, and Karl brings business people to the audience as he owns his own business in the soap the same as Roy in Coronation Street. My conclusion on the soaps Coronation Street and Neighbours is that Neighbours attracted the audience it was aiming for much better that Coronation Street as in Neighbours they brought the story of Lou and Louise. In Coronation Street there was much to relate to in my age group. As I have mentioned before Lous story brings everyones emotions together. As I do not normally watch these soaps I dont see if Coronation Street relates to me or not.

Barn Burning Essay -- essays research papers

William Faulkner is concerned with the south and its problems with black slavery. The issues in Barn Burning deal with the conflict between father and son. The theme of this story focuses on justice. The boy, Sarty, objects to his father burning barns and wants people to be treated fairly. His father, Abner, believes his son should respect and support kin. Abner thinks family is right no matter what. Faulkner’s intent is to show that choosing between one’s own family and justice is very difficult to do, and in the end justice must prevail. The theme is best illustrated by its point of view, its characterization, and setting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Faulkner represents his point of view using both first and third person to translate his theme. The story is being told by Sartoris Snopes who is a boy at the time the story takes place. Throughout the story he shifts from first to third person narrative voices. At times in the story he would speak as only a child would, then something would be said by him which was too knowledgeable for a boy his age to know. This gives an impression that he is older and is remembering things of his past. Switching between first and third person shows that the choice he made greatly affected him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The way the characters are portrayed remarkably depicts Faulkner’s theme. The two conflicting characters are described in similar ways to show their differences. Abner is described by how people see and think about h...